IL-12/IL-23 p40 Monomer Protein, Rat

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two subunits, p35 and p40, which are linked by disulfide bonds. IL-12 plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells and the activation of natural killer (NK) cells. The p40 subunit is shared between IL-12 and IL-23, another important cytokine involved in immune regulation. In rats, IL-12 p40 is primarily produced by antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. It is essential for the initiation and maintenance of Th1 responses, which are crucial for adaptive cellular immunity. Additionally, IL-12 p40 can exist as a homodimer or monomer, which can act as an antagonist to IL-12.
The p40 subunit is a target for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Monoclonal antibodies against IL-12 p40 have been developed to inhibit its activity and reduce inflammation. Also, IL-12 has potent antitumor activity by stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells. Recombinant IL-12 or IL-12 vectors are being explored as potential cancer treatments.