Biotin Mouse Anti-Human CD119 Antibody (S-3124)

CD119 protein, also known as interferon-gamma receptor alpha chain (IFN-γRα), is a critical member of the type II cytokine receptor family on the cell surface. It serves as the high-affinity and specific binding subunit for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and, together with the β chain (IFN-γRβ), forms the functional receptor dimer responsible for recognizing and transmitting IFN-γ signals. IFN-γ is primarily produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells and is a central cytokine regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Upon binding of IFN-γ, CD119 induces receptor subunit aggregation and activates the associated JAK1/JAK2 kinases, leading to phosphorylation of the STAT1 transcription factor. Activated STAT1 forms homodimers and translocates into the nucleus, driving the expression of a wide array of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This process promotes macrophage activation, enhances antigen presentation, facilitates Th1-type immune responses, and exerts potent antiviral and anti-intracellular pathogen effects. CD119 is expressed on various immune cells (such as macrophages, T cells, and NK cells) as well as non-immune cells. Loss-of-function mutations in CD119 can lead to a severe hereditary immunodeficiency known as Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), rendering patients susceptible to weakly virulent mycobacteria and certain viruses. Therefore, CD119 acts not only as a key sentinel in immune defense but also as an important target for immunomodulation and the treatment of infectious diseases.