Anti-Human IFNAR1 Monoclonal Antibody (Anifrolumab)

IFNAR1 (Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1) is a critical subunit of the Type I interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor complex, forming a heterodimer with the IFNAR2 subunit that is widely distributed on the cell surface. Upon binding of Type I interferons to this receptor complex, a conformational change is triggered, which subsequently activates the associated tyrosine kinases Tyk2 and JAK1. This activation event initiates the canonical JAK-STAT signaling pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of downstream STAT1 and STAT2 proteins. The phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2 then associate with IRF9 to form the ISGF3 transcription factor complex, which translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of a series of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) by binding to specific DNA sequences. Through this core mechanism, IFNAR1 plays a pivotal role in physiological processes such as host defense against viral infections, regulation of immune responses, and inhibition of tumor growth.