Human TNF-β Recombinant Rabbit mAb (S-3689)

Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-beta (TNF-β), also known as lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α), is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily secreted by activated lymphocytes, including T cells, B cells, and NK cells. It signals through the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, activating downstream pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and apoptosis cascades, which regulate immune responses and inflammation. Unlike TNF-α, which is produced by macrophages and other innate immune cells, TNF-β plays a specialized role in lymphoid organ development, host defense, and autoimmune pathogenesis. It contributes to the formation of secondary lymphoid structures and promotes cytotoxic T cell and B cell functions. Dysregulated TNF-β expression is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, making it a potential therapeutic target. Its dual role in immune regulation and pathology underscores its significance in both physiological and disease contexts.