TXNIP Recombinant Rabbit mAb (S-2476-80)

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3-up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) or thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2), is an α-arrestin family member (ARRDC6) that binds to and inhibits the antioxidant thioredoxin (Trx), thereby promoting oxidative stress by blocking Trx’s ROS-scavenging activity. Beyond this redox role, TXNIP is a key metabolic regulator: its expression is sharply induced by glucose via carbohydrate-response elements in its promoter, and it acutely suppresses glucose uptake by promoting endocytosis and degradation of glucose transporters like GLUT1, while also inhibiting glycolytic enzymes. Elevated TXNIP levels are found in diabetic islets and vasculature, where they drive β-cell apoptosis, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction, making TXNIP a central player in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and their vascular complications. Additionally, TXNIP translocates from nucleus to mitochondria under stress to trigger apoptosis, modulates inflammasome activation and inflammatory signaling, and functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis and cell-cycle progression in cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma .