TLR4 Recombinant Mouse mAb (S-3033)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a 839-amino-acid type I transmembrane pattern-recognition receptor expressed predominantly on myeloid and epithelial cells that, through cooperation with the accessory proteins MD-2 and CD14, recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide and numerous endogenous danger-associated molecules, triggering MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling cascades that culminate in rapid activation of NF-κB, MAP kinases, and interferon regulatory factors, thereby inducing robust pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and type I interferon responses essential for innate immunity and for bridging adaptive immunity, yet excessive or dysregulated TLR4 activation drives sepsis, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and metabolic syndrome, making this receptor a pivotal therapeutic target modulated by lipid A analogues, small-molecule inhibitors, and biologics under active clinical development.