Nrf2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb (S-3183)

Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a critical transcription regulatory protein belonging to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family, playing a central role in cellular antioxidant defense and detoxification processes. Under homeostatic conditions, Nrf2 is kept at low levels through ubiquitination and degradation via its binding to Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1). However, under oxidative stress, electrophilic agents, or inflammatory stimuli, conformational changes in Keap1 lead to Nrf2 release and nuclear translocation. In the nucleus, Nrf2 forms heterodimers with small Maf proteins and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), activating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes, including HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), NQO1 (NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1), and glutathione synthetase.This pathway not only neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals but also contributes to anti-inflammatory responses, metabolic regulation, and mitochondrial function maintenance. Dysregulation of Nrf2 has been linked to various diseases: overactivation is associated with cancer progression, while impaired Nrf2 activity may accelerate neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease), cardiovascular disorders, and aging. As a result, Nrf2 has emerged as a key therapeutic target for antioxidant and cytoprotective strategies. Natural compounds (e.g., sulforaphane, curcumin) and synthetic drugs can modulate the Nrf2-Keap1 axis to enhance cellular defense mechanisms.