IFN-β Recombinant Armenian hamster mAb (S-5238)

IFN-β (interferon-beta) is a type I interferon induced by viral or pathogen stimulation, primarily secreted by fibroblasts and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and plays a key antiviral role in the innate immune response. Upon infection triggering pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs or RIG-I, transcription factors including IRF3 and NF-κB are rapidly activated and initiate IFN-β gene expression. The secreted IFN-β binds to the receptor complex composed of IFNAR1/IFNAR2 on the cell surface, inducing the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, thereby establishing an antiviral state, inhibiting viral replication, and promoting apoptotic clearance of infected cells. In addition to its direct antiviral effects, IFN-β also possesses important immunomodulatory functions, including activation of natural killer cells, promotion of dendritic cell maturation, and upregulation of MHC class I molecules to enhance antigen presentation. Clinically, recombinant human IFN-β preparations (such as IFN-β-1a and IFN-β-1b) are widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, where they alleviate autoimmune inflammatory damage in the central nervous system by inhibiting T cell activation, maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.