N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) Recombinant Rabbit mAb (S-4061)

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a highly conserved RNA chemical modification, initially discovered in tRNA and rRNA, and has recently been confirmed to be widely present on eukaryotic mRNA. This modification is catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), which uses acetyl-CoA as the acetyl donor to covalently attach an acetyl group to the N4 position of cytidine. ac4C promotes gene expression at the translational level by influencing the efficiency of codon-anticodon pairing, altering the stability of RNA secondary structures, and enhancing translation elongation efficiency. Furthermore, ac4C modification can extend the half-life of mRNA by increasing its stability, thereby participating in important biological processes such as cellular stress responses, cell cycle regulation, and embryonic development. In terms of disease, aberrant ac4C modification is closely associated with various pathological conditions. In tumors, elevated ac4C levels resulting from NAT10 overexpression promote the expression of oncogenes, accelerating cell proliferation and metastasis. In virology, ac4C modification has also been found on viral RNAs such as HIV-1 and HCV, where it regulates viral replication and latency. In fibrotic diseases, ac4C promotes the progression of tissue fibrosis by stabilizing the mRNA of pro-fibrotic factors. In summary, as an emerging key mark in RNA epitranscriptomics, ac4C dynamically regulates gene expression, connecting cellular metabolism, development, and disease networks, thereby representing a highly promising therapeutic target.