Mouse Anti-Human CD109 Antibody (S-3080)

CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein of ~162 kDa that belongs to the α2-macroglobulin/complement thioester-containing protein superfamily and functions as a multifunctional co-receptor and negative regulator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling by physically interacting with TGF-β receptors, promoting their internalization and degradation via SMAD7/Smurf2-dependent pathways, as well as by releasing a soluble fragment that sequesters TGF-β ligand; it is expressed on activated T cells, platelets, basal epithelial, myoepithelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells, and is dysregulated in numerous squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, where it modulates inflammation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, metastasis and immune responses by crosstalking with the TGF-β, NF-κB, JAK/STAT3 and YAP pathways, thereby serving as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in malignancies and inflammatory diseases .