Alexa Fluor^® 488 Rat Anti-Human CD289 Antibody (S-3019)

CD289, also known as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), is a ~115-120 kDa intracellular pattern-recognition receptor of the Toll-like receptor family that is preferentially expressed in immune-cell-rich tissues such as spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, and peripheral blood leukocytes; it senses unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA and, upon activation via the adaptor protein MyD88, triggers NF-κB signaling and subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines, thereby orchestrating a T-helper-1-like innate immune response, as evidenced by impaired splenocyte proliferation, macrophage cytokine release, and dendritic-cell maturation in TLR9-deficient mice.