Biotin Rabbit Anti-Human CD163 Antibody (S-222-171)

CD163 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein primarily expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages, belonging to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily, class B. It plays a crucial role as a "clean-up" agent and immune regulator within the body. Its core function is the specific recognition and binding of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex, which is subsequently cleared via endocytosis by macrophages. This process protects tissues from oxidative damage caused by free hemoglobin and facilitates iron recycling. Furthermore, CD163 is recognized as a specific marker for M2 macrophages or tumor-associated macrophages. The function of CD163 is finely regulated; its membrane-bound form can be cleaved by metalloproteinases, releasing a soluble form (sCD163) into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of sCD163 serve as a biomarker for various inflammatory diseases. Recent research has also revealed that CD163 undergoes calcium concentration-dependent oligomerization via its SRCR domains, forming dimers or trimers, which is essential for its efficient ligand binding and subsequent endocytosis.